Additionally, i have three more pages planned for the immediate future that you may find useful. Cooperative learning is not simply a synonym for students working in groups. The groups should contain high achievers and low achievers. There is much more to cooperative learning than merely. Advantages of using cooperative learning cooperative learning is supported by one of the strongest research traditions in education, with thousands of studies conducted across a wide range of subject. Cooperative learning promotes english language acquisition among ell students by helping them become more confident in producing and using english when working in small groups, and students are able to pick up new learning methods by observing how their peers solve problems that involve learning. Teammates write three statementsproblemssentences with punctuationhistory factsetc two true. One way of telling the difference is that the 1st edition has a different cover. Cooperative learning is widely recognised as a pedagogical practice that promotes. The teachers role in implementing cooperative learning in the. With these structures, you wont have to worry if your cooperative learning lessons respect the principles known to increase student achievement and improve social relations.
Pdf cooperative learning strategy as tool for classroom. Ive already purchased a copy from an amazon seller, but received the 1st edition. After many hours are spent planning for cooperative learning groups, the plan is then put into action. Part of the computersupported collaborative learning book series culs. According to mesler 1999 the reading achievement of both groups of students increased after completing cooperative learning activities making cooperative learning an important strategy p.
In formal cooperative learning groups, teachers a specify the objectives for the lesson, b make a number of preinstructional decisions, c explain the task and the positive interdependence, d. Cooperative learning, values, and culturally navigation. There are also different types of cooperative groups appropriate for different. Rely on active student participation rather than passive, lecturebased teaching. According to mesler 1999 the reading achievement of both groups of students increased after. Use cooperative learning groups to engage learners. Cooperative learning is more than grouping children together it is helping students learn to work together toward a common learning goal with each person doing their part in the project. The book covers the nature of cooperative learning, the essential components that make it work, the teachers role, the structuring of positive interdependence and individual accountability, teaching students social skills, group processing, and forming teacher colleagial support groups.
Cooperative learning involves more than students working together on a lab or field project. The book covers the nature of cooperative learning, the essential components that make it. Nov 20, 2019 cooperative learning activities require students to work together in small groups to complete a project or activity, operating as a team to help each other succeed. Cooperative learning is a studentcentered, instructorfacilitated instructional strategy in which a small group of students is responsible for its own learning. Finding a resource that explores cooperative learning is easy, but many ignore strategies for delivering the teaching approach. To do so, they must first understand the nature of social interdependence. This paper seeks to examine the meaning of cooperative learning strategy, the concept of classroom management, the significance of cooperative learning, and cooperative learning as a tool for. Spencer kagans most popular book is cooperative learning. Effects of feedback on student behavior in cooperative.
In 67 studies of the achievement effects of cooperative learning, 61% found significantly greater achievement in cooperative groups than in traditionally taught control groups. Teachers who wish to use cooperative learning effectively will wish to base their classroom practices on theory validated by research. Characteristics of cooperative learning evaeducation. Here are just some of the similarities that exist between a cooperative learning and collaborative learning approach for students. The first edition has the title of cooperative learning dr. The foundation for using cooperative learning in your classroom. The computersupported collaborative learning book series is for people. Each type of group has a different purpose no single one is intrinsically good or bad. Cooperative learning is a learning situation in which two or more students are working together to complete a common task siegel, 2005. Group investigation in group investigations students collaborate to produce a group product for presentation.
Grade 7 math students n 18 in 1 classroom were audiotaped while working in 5 cooperative learning groups on 4 occasions over a 16week period. Cooperative learning, which will be the primary focus of this workshop, is a specific kind of collaborative learning. Defining cooperative learning as instructional programs in which students work in small groups to help one another master academic content, slavin praised it as a way to capitalize on the developmental characteristics of adolescents in order to harness their peer orientation, enthusiasm, activity, and craving for independence within a safe. Research on classroom cooperative learning techniques, in which students work in small groups and receive rewards or recognition based on their group performance, has been increasing in. This makes cooperative learning inherently more complex than competitive or individualistic learning. If this is the first cooperative learning page on daily teaching tools that you have read, you may be interested in seeing the overview to cooperative learning, grouping strategies, and cooperative learning packet pages.
The revised edition has a title of kagan cooperative learning. When activities are designed and structured appropriately, cooperative learning can be very effective. To help you understand cooperative learning a little better, here are some ideas and activities that could help team members develop better skills in each of the areas listed above. Johnson is the author of numerous research articles, book chapters, and books. Cooperative learning works well when it is a part of the culture of a classroom, and when students are familiar with working together and know what is expected of them. In cooperative learning groups, students are required to learn academic subject matter taskwork as well as the interpersonal and smallgroup skills required to function as part of a team teamwork. There are five fundamental elements involved in cooperative learning. Cooperative learning is an instructional strategy that enables small groups of students to work together on a common assignment. The task can be as simple as solving a multistep math problem together, or as complex as developing a design for a new kind of school. Cooperative learning strategies for english language learners. In cooperative learning situations, students perceive that they can reach their learning goals only if the other students in the learning group also do so. Groups work to make sure every member understands the lesson and can complete a demonstration activity. Cooperative learning has been proven to be effective for all types of students, including academically gifted, mainstream students and english language learners ells because it promotes learning and. The result, in general, suggest that cooperative learning develops highorder thinking.
The similarities between cooperative and collaborative learning. In cooperative learning, students work together in small groups on a. Within cooperative learning groups students are given two responsibilities. The effects of cooperative learning on the classroom participation 241 in the structured cooperative learning groups that replicated the framework outlined by d. Cooperative learning is an educational approach which aims to organize classroom activities into academic and social learning experiences.
After the second and third recordings, students were. It covers grouping in pairs and small groups to build a team learning spirit in the. The parameters often vary, as students can work collaboratively on a variety of problems, ranging from simple math problems to large assignments such as proposing environmental solutions on a national level. Whether the goal is to increase student understanding of content, to build particular transferable skills, or some combination of the two, instructors often turn to small group work to capitalize on the benefits of peertopeer instruction.
Cooperative learning is frequently researched in education. Nov, 2019 cooperative learning is an instructional strategy that enables small groups of students to work together on a common assignment. Students assume a degree of responsibility for their own learning. Retrieved todaysdate from andfacilitatinggroupworkusingcooperativelearninggroupseffectively. Individual accountability occurs when all students in a group are held accountable for doing a. In eight accessible chapters, wendy jolliffe, lecturer in primary education at hull university, outlines the theory and practice of cooperative learning and shows how the outcomes and aims of every child matters 2004 can be clearly mapped to the advantages of cooperative learning. List of books and articles about cooperative learning. In fact, the more diversity in a team, the higher the benefits for each student. Cooperative learning is a resource for all teachers to bring cooperative learning techniques into the classroom. It was in the 1950s that american sociologist james s. The promotion of cooperative learning in the 20th century was marked by the work done by john dewey, and later alice miel and herbert thelen. Peer evaluation form the form below is deliberately. Many instructors from disciplines across the university use group work to enhance their students learning. Microgroups as the personal space of learning together.
The following are some ideas for using cooperative groups in your classroom. Instead, conscious thought goes in to helping students make the. During a lecture, demonstration, or film, informal cooperative learning can be used to focus student attention on the material. Using cooperative learning groups effectively center. Cooperative learning in the classroom by jolliffe, wendy ebook. These common features enhance the effectiveness of cooperative learning groups. Cooperative learning in the classroom putting it into practice wendy. Use a culminating day for groups to share their books with other groups, as students may want to read the other books on their own.
Cooperative learning gives importance to cooperation as against our present. In fact, these five elements distinguish cooperative learning from other forms of group learning. Research on classroom cooperative learning techniques, in which students work in small groups and receive rewards or recognition based on their group performance, has been increasing in the past few years. These structures involve five key elements which can be implemented in a variety of ways. This is an openended investigation which students may help determine the focus of their investigation. Integrating cooperative learning strategies have proven to be effective in increasing student. Informal cooperative learning groups are used to focus. Despite this, the pedagogy is popular in classrooms across. Students interact with each other in the same group to acquire and practice. Cooperative learning effects on the classroom by anthony r.
Spencer kagan has 23 books on goodreads with 1576 ratings. The paper concludes with suggestions regarding the how best to present. There are different kinds of groups for different situations, but they all balance some key elements that distinguish cooperative learning from competitive or. There is much more to cooperative learning than merely arranging students into groups, and it has been described as structuring positive interdependence. It requires teachers to structure cooperative interdependence among the students. Peer evaluation form the form below is deliberately set up to be in the form of a set of opinions. Johnson, johnson, and smith 1991 give three jobs for the instructor to complete after the students have worked together to complete and submit the task. Informal groups last only brief periods of time, from a few minutes up to a whole class period. Each type of group has a different purpose no single one is. Cooperative learning is a studentcentered, instructorfacilitated instructional strategy in which a small group of students is responsible for its own learning and the learning of all group members. A synthesis of research about cooperative learning finds that cooperative learning strategies improve the achievement of students and their interpersonal relationships. When all of these elements are present in a learning situation, the result is a cooperative learning group. Groups work to make sure every member understands the.
Cooperative learning, sometimes called smallgroup learning, is an instructional strategy in which small groups of students work together on a common task. To learn the assigned material and make sure that all other members of their group do likewise. Books by spencer kagan author of cooperative learning. Cooperative learning is widely recognised as a pedagogical practice that promotes socialization and learning among students from preschool through to tertiary level and across different subject domains. Social interdependence theory and cooperative learning. After the second and third recordings, students were given edited transcripts of their discussions and were trained in how to interpret them. Cooperative learning in the classroom by jolliffe, wendy.
Cooperative learning has been proven to be effective for all types of students, including academically gifted, mainstream students and english language learners ells because it promotes learning and fosters respect and friendships among diverse groups of students. Advantages of using cooperative learning cooperative learning is supported by one of the strongest research traditions in education, with thousands of studies conducted across a wide range of subject areas, age groups, ability levels and cultural backgrounds. Cooperative learning does require special skills of teachers, but this can be overcome by. Cooperative learning is about structuring lesson activities to encourage pupils to work collaboratively in pairs or small groups to support each other to improve their learning. Cooperative learning is a teaching arrangement that refers to small, heterogeneous groups of students.
Cooperative learning and english language learners go together. Cooperative base groups are longterm cooperative learning groups with stable membership whose primary responsibilities are to help students provide each other with support, encouragement, and assistance in completing assignments and hold each other. Cooperative tear share a surefire cooperative strategy to try with. Teammates try to find which of the three statements is the fiction. Cooperative learning is the learning process in which individuals learn in a small group with the help of each other. The effects of cooperative learning on student achievement. If this is the first cooperative learning page on daily teaching tools that you have read, you may be interested in seeing the overview to cooperative learning, grouping strategies, and. This is a guide that has helped over the years and made cooperative learning part of my teaching in all cooperative learning is a resource for all teachers to. A handbook for learning together an introduction to cooperative. Then, students complete an independent practice activity or quiz for individual accountability. Cooperative learning activities require students to work together in small groups to complete a project or activity, operating as a team to help each other succeed. Cooperative learning involves structuring classes around small groups that work together in such a way that each group members success is dependent on the groups success.
The form shown above is an adaptation of a cooperative learning evaluation form created by laura candler, used here with the authors permission. Cooperative learning nc state engineering nc state university. Most often, what students are doing in groups are blends of cooperative learning, collaborative learning. Cooperative learning is an approach to groupwork that minimizes the occurrence of. A guidebook for cooperative learning eric us department of. Kagan cooperative learning structures for engagement smartcard included in this trifold smartcard are 27 of kagans very best cooperative learning structures. Pdf teacher practices and smallgroup dynamics in cooperative learning. The point is that cooperative learning involves more than just asking students to work. These elements can be thought of as pieces in a puzzle. Cooperative learning group activities for college courses is a compilation of cooperative learning activities suitable for use in college level courses. The results support the notion that cooperative learning can facilitate the acquisition of knowledge. The activity is structured to emphasize higherorder thinking skills.